THE STANDARD MODEL THEORY
Note: This is a basic explanation
Also known as Theory of Almost Everything, the standard model explains how and why particles combine or interact to form the matter we observe. It Explains basic building blocks of matter that are composed of fundamental particles governed by the four fundamental forces of nature.
- Electromagnetism
- Strong Nuclear Force
- Weak Nuclear Force
- Gravity
On the quantum level, theses forces are caused by exchange of particles called Force Carriers or Gauge Bosons. Without these forces, the particles would wander around the cosmos and as a consequence, the matter would not have formed including us.
Strong Nuclear Force
This is the force responsible for holding the protons in the nucleus together and is governed by exchange of force carrier particles namely GLUONS.
Weak Nuclear Force
It is responsible for the process of radioactivity like how the sun burns and this force is governed by force carrier particles namely W and Z Bosons.
Electromagnetism
This is responsible for holding electrons around the nucleus and hence forming Atoms and this force is governed by force carrier particles namely Photons.
Gravity
It holds everything in its place, you, me and large cosmic objects like planets stars etc. This force is governed by force carrier particle namely GRAVITON (STILL HYPOTHETICAL, NOT INCLUDED IN STANDARD MODEL).
Before going into the basic explanation of the standard model, have a look at the image below.
A Basic Explanation of The Standard Model
There are Twelve Particles of Matter divided into Quarks and Leptons. Quarks and Leptons combinely called Fermions.
Quarks
Protons and Neutrons are further composed of Quarks namely Up Quarks, Down Quark, Charm, Strange, Top and Bottom quarks.
Leptons
There are six Leptons namely Electron, Muon, Tau(Electrically charged) and three Neutrinos (Neutral).
Gauge Bosons
These are the force carrier particles and they are four in number excluding speculated force carrier particle of Graviton and they are; Photons, W and Z bosons and Gluons.
Higgs Boson
Particles that are bits of Higgs field and they give mass to other particles when they interact with them.
